Zamkova hora is a part of the ancient mountain system that ran along the Right bank of the Dnieper and reached a height of 2-3 thousand meters. It consists of solid crystalline rocks - quartzite and sandstone. It has a horseshoe shape and covers an area of about 100 hectares. The absolute height of the mountain is 140 m, relative (above the edge of the river Tiasmin) - 70 m.
Back in the 16th century on the mountain there was a small fortress. At the beginning of the 17th century it became almost irresistible. It was surrounded by three rows of walls with deep ditches filled with water, and after the events of the liberation war of the Ukrainian people Chyhyryn became the capital of the Cossacks and the residence of Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytskyi. The fortress was fortified with additional bastions and the fortifications were slightly rebuilt. By the early 50’s of the 17th century it was considered one of the most reliable and modern in Europe. In 1677 and 1678 the fortress withstood the siege of a 100 000 strong Turkish army for several weeks. In the 19th century there was a stone quarry on Zamkova hora, where sandstone was mined for millstones and construction needs.
For a long time the mountain was forestless. Only in 1911 the work on landscaping had begun, continued in the second half of the twentieth century. The flora of the mountain includes about 60 species of trees and shrubs, 120 species of grass cover.
In Soviet times, Zamkova hora with a monument to B. Khmelnytskyi on top became the main attraction of Chyhyryn. From here there is a wonderful view of the surrounding nature and the river Tiasmin, which practically washes the mountain.
In the period from 1989 to 1992, an archaeological expedition was conducted on the territory of Zamkova hora. A fragment of one of the bastions was found during excavations. This fragment became the basis for the reconstruction of the site, the so-called Bastion of Doroshenko.
Zamkova hora is a part of the National Historical and Cultural Reserve ,,Chyhyryn”. There are 8 monuments of local importance on its territory.
