Dnipro, Ros, Rosava, Rusychi, Kievan Rus, the Cossack state, Taras Shevchenko - all these symbols of Ukrainian history are connected with the Kanev, one of the oldest cities in Eastern Europe, where the history of the Ukrainian nation was created on the slopes of the Dnieper Circle for centuries.
Kaniv is a city of regional significance of Cherkasy region.
The territory of the city is 1742 hectares .. The population is 24 thousand people.
The official date of the city's founding was 1078.
Dnipro, Ros, Rosava, Rusychi, Kievan Rus, the Cossack state, Taras Shevchenko - all these symbols of Ukrainian history are connected with the Kanev, one of the oldest cities in Eastern Europe, where the history of the Ukrainian nation was created on the slopes of the Dnieper Circle for centuries.
Kaniv is a city of regional significance of Cherkasy region.
The territory of the city is 1742 hectares .. The population is 24 thousand people.
The official date of the city's founding was 1078.
The territory of Kaniv was inhabited from ancient times, this was facilitated by favorable natural conditions - the presence of rivers, meadows, mountains, forests. The first person on the territory of Kanivshchyna appears about 40 thousand years ago. This is evidenced by the remnants of parking of primitive people in the vicinity of Kanev and the findings during the construction of the Kaniv HPP.
In the archeological cultural layers, there are remnants of material and spiritual culture, starting with the Paleolithic (25 thousand years ago). The settlements of the Mesolithic, the world-famous Trypillian culture (IV-III millennium BC), the Middle Dnipro culture of the Bronze Age (II millennium BC), Scythian antiquities (VI-IV centuries BC) were found here. ), early Slavic (VІ-VІІ st.), Old Russian (VIII-IX centuries) monuments. Total - more than 30 attractions.
There are many legends and hypotheses about the origin of the city's name: the name of the city comes from the bird of the buzzard; from the Kaniv River flowing in this place; from the Turkic word, which in translation means "the place of blood". An interesting hypothesis is that Kaniv founded the courageous dew of the Kanias in the 5th century. not.
From the beginning of the VII century. Kaniv oblast becomes the center of the formation of the Old Russian (Kiev) state, protecting its south-eastern borders. Ancient Kaniv was not only a fortress that rose on the Moskovka Hill, but also a chain of settlements, religious buildings, fortifications along the Dnieper coast.
The first annalistic mention of Kaniv dates back to 1144, when Prince Vsevolod Ol'govich founded the church of St. George (later the Cathedral of the Assumption). In 1149, Yuri Dolgoruky planted his son Gleb, the prince of Kaniv. However, the "Pechersk Paterik" refers to the arrival of Greek icon painters in Kiev, they passed through the Dnieper through the Kaniv between 1074 and 1088 years.
In the middle of the 12th century. Kaniv was a big city and played an important role in the life of Ancient Russia. He was one of the most important shopping centers of Kievan Rus, the center of a separate principality and the center of the diocese, because he had an episcopal chair. Kaniv, in particular, was the prince in the hand of the grandsons of Vladimir Monomakh-Hliba (son of Yuri Dolgoruky) and Mstislav (son of the Grand Duke of Kiev Mstislav), son of the Grand Duke Roman, founder (in 1199) of the Galician-Volyn state.
The opinion is that as a result of the invasion of Batu Sain Khan's troops in 1239-1240 in Ukraine, Kahn was transformed by the Mongols of the Golden Horde into the residence of the Baskaks.
Since 1362, Kanivsvina is a part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and since 1569, the Polish gentry was taken over by Kanev.
On the turn of the 15th-16th centuries, Kanivshchyna becomes one of the first and most important centers for the formation of the Ukrainian Cossacks. With the appointment of the Kaniv Starosty (in 1511) of the Greeks of the Greeks Ostap Dashkevich Kanivshchyna turned into one of the largest centers of resistance to the Turkish-Tatar aggression. After all, along the way, the largest road to the markets of the slave trade, the Black Road, stretched along the cannon past.
In the 16th century. On the Dnieper Mountain there is the Kaniv Castle, fenced with a wooden wall and surrounded by a moat. Above the castle there were 6 towers with guns.
In the 90 years of the 16th century. Kanivs take an active part in the peasant - Cossack uprisings against the Polish gentry, which was headed by the hetman of the regimental Cossacks, Krzysztof Kosinsky and led by Severin Nalyvaik.
Senior Canivese, and later also Hetman of Ukraine were: the founder of the Zaporizhzhya Sich prince Dmitry Vyshnevetsky, Mikhail Vyshnevetsky, Ostafi Ruzhinsky, the cannibal Timothy Orendarenko, Kaniv colonel Yakov Lyzogub.
On August 1, 1601, the city of Kanev was granted Magdeburg Law.
With the will of Hetman Mikhail Doroshenko in 1626, Kaniv became, in fact, the first capital of the Ukrainian Cossack-Hetman autonomy. In Kaniv, Hetman Ivan Horseshoff, Yakiv Shah, Samiylo Kishka, Yakiv Ostryanitsa, Petrazhitsky-Kulah found their last rest. During the years of the National Liberation War of 1648-1657 (under the leadership of B. Khmelnitsky), the Kaniv regiment, as a military unit, was one of the largest in the Ukrainian Cossack Army. He numbered 16 hundred and 2957 Cossacks.
On Sept. 17, 1678, the Turks burst into the Kaniv, destroyed the city, and the townsfolk, which closed in the Cathedral of the Assumption, starved and mercilessly tortured.Macarius, a bishop of Kaniv, after torture, were executed on the city square.
According to the conditions of the Prut tract (1711) Kaniv leaves for Poland. Then a Catholic church was opened in the city, a Basilian monastery was founded, and the first educational institution - the highest parish school - was opened.
From 1775, Kaniv passed into the personal property of the Polish king Stanislaus Augustus, and later his nephew Stanislav Poniatovsky.
On May 7, 1787, Catherine II stopped on the ship "Dnepr" in front of Kaniv. On the Kaniv coast, she never descended, a meeting with the Polish king took place on a ship, but the mountain of the Greek city since then began to be called Moskovka.
From 1793, due to the second division of Poland, Kaniv entered the Kiev province of the Russian Empire. From 1837 Kaniv became a county town. As of 1849, there are 5138 inhabitants in the city, the population was engaged in labor law, shawl, pottery. The Kaniv industry consisted of a small brick factory, 16 water, 13 alloy, and 6 windmills.
May 22, 1861, the remains of the great Ukrainian writer and artist, the true patriot of Ukraine Taras Shevchenko (1814 - 1861) were buried in Kaniv, Chernecha mountain. According to the Cossack tradition, a tall grave was poured over and a wooden cross was set on it. In the summer of 1891, the first secret political party "The Brotherhood of Tarasivtsi" was set up in Ukraine, which aimed at gaining Ukrainian statehood.
At the beginning of the twentieth century, there were 9,245 inhabitants in the city. There were postal and telegraph offices, a post office, a library, a club, a hospital, a garden, three hotels, a tavern, a roller steam mill, 20 windmills, a locksmith shop, a clay plant, 105 retail stores, and 14 smiths.
From the end of August 1919 to January 1920, in the power of Kaniv, there was the Denikin Army, and by June 1920 the city was kept by the Poles. From June 7 to June 8, 1920 in the county for the third time and for many years in the city was established Soviet power.
In the pre-war twentieth century, the predominant branches of the urban industry were light and food. The city built a woodworking plant, a powerful mechanical mill, oil mill, butter factory, industrial artels. During the Holodomor of 1932-1933, another construction began in Kaniv - the construction of a memorial on the Tarasoy Hill.
In the second world war, the left flank of the defensive lines of Kiev passed through Kaniv. In the bloody battle for the Kaniv bridgehead, the armored train No. 56, which ran along the line of defense, provided invaluable assistance to the combat units. Specialists of the NKVD blew up a railway bridge across the Dnipro River. About 900 days and nights the Nazis were the masters of the city. For four months there were bloody battles near the height of the Kaniv Dnieper and only on January 31, 1944, fighters of the 206th Infantry Division were liberated.
On May 31, 1964, the first stone under the Kaniv HPP was laid in Kaniv - the last hydroelectrouzole of the Cascade of the Middle Dnipro stations. Simultaneously with the construction of the HES, the city is being built. New housing estates are growing, schools, kindergartens, industrial facilities are being built, namely the Magnit electromechanical plant and Okradonenergo enterprise; Kanev School of Culture and Arts was opened; A 3-storey medical building of the Central District Hospital was built.
During the last decade, such large enterprises of the world-wide food industry began their activities in Kaniv - the Kaniv branch of the "Syro Club" Ltd, the group of companies "Veres" and TM "Nasha Ryaba". The production areas of EMZ "Magnit" are successfully used by Magnit-Device, TM "Saturn", "Ergopak" Ltd.
The historical heritage of the city includes 53 memorials of history, culture and archeology, and 7 museums.
Kaniv is included in the list of historical cities of Ukraine and is the winner of the action "7 wonders of Ukraine: historical cities and towns".
The territory of Kaniv was inhabited from ancient times, this was facilitated by favorable natural conditions - the presence of rivers, meadows, mountains, forests. The first person on the territory of Kanivshchyna appears about 40 thousand years ago. This is evidenced by the remnants of parking of primitive people in the vicinity of Kanev and the findings during the construction of the Kaniv HPP.
In the archeological cultural layers, there are remnants of material and spiritual culture, starting with the Paleolithic (25 thousand years ago). The settlements of the Mesolithic, the world-famous Trypillian culture (IV-III millennium BC), the Middle Dnipro culture of the Bronze Age (II millennium BC), Scythian antiquities (VI-IV centuries BC) were found here. ), early Slavic (VІ-VІІ st.), Old Russian (VIII-IX centuries) monuments. Total - more than 30 attractions.
There are many legends and hypotheses about the origin of the city's name: the name of the city comes from the bird of the buzzard; from the Kaniv River flowing in this place; from the Turkic word, which in translation means "the place of blood". An interesting hypothesis is that Kaniv founded the courageous dew of the Kanias in the 5th century. not.
From the beginning of the VII century. Kaniv oblast becomes the center of the formation of the Old Russian (Kiev) state, protecting its south-eastern borders. Ancient Kaniv was not only a fortress that rose on the Moskovka Hill, but also a chain of settlements, religious buildings, fortifications along the Dnieper coast.
The first annalistic mention of Kaniv dates back to 1144, when Prince Vsevolod Ol'govich founded the church of St. George (later the Cathedral of the Assumption). In 1149, Yuri Dolgoruky planted his son Gleb, the prince of Kaniv. However, the "Pechersk Paterik" refers to the arrival of Greek icon painters in Kiev, they passed through the Dnieper through the Kaniv between 1074 and 1088 years.
In the middle of the 12th century. Kaniv was a big city and played an important role in the life of Ancient Russia. He was one of the most important shopping centers of Kievan Rus, the center of a separate principality and the center of the diocese, because he had an episcopal chair. Kaniv, in particular, was the prince in the hand of the grandsons of Vladimir Monomakh-Hliba (son of Yuri Dolgoruky) and Mstislav (son of the Grand Duke of Kiev Mstislav), son of the Grand Duke Roman, founder (in 1199) of the Galician-Volyn state.
The opinion is that as a result of the invasion of Batu Sain Khan's troops in 1239-1240 in Ukraine, Kahn was transformed by the Mongols of the Golden Horde into the residence of the Baskaks.
Since 1362, Kanivsvina is a part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and since 1569, the Polish gentry was taken over by Kanev.
On the turn of the 15th-16th centuries, Kanivshchyna becomes one of the first and most important centers for the formation of the Ukrainian Cossacks. With the appointment of the Kaniv Starosty (in 1511) of the Greeks of the Greeks Ostap Dashkevich Kanivshchyna turned into one of the largest centers of resistance to the Turkish-Tatar aggression. After all, along the way, the largest road to the markets of the slave trade, the Black Road, stretched along the cannon past.
In the 16th century. On the Dnieper Mountain there is the Kaniv Castle, fenced with a wooden wall and surrounded by a moat. Above the castle there were 6 towers with guns.
In the 90 years of the 16th century. Kanivs take an active part in the peasant - Cossack uprisings against the Polish gentry, which was headed by the hetman of the regimental Cossacks, Krzysztof Kosinsky and led by Severin Nalyvaik.
Senior Canivese, and later also Hetman of Ukraine were: the founder of the Zaporizhzhya Sich prince Dmitry Vyshnevetsky, Mikhail Vyshnevetsky, Ostafi Ruzhinsky, the cannibal Timothy Orendarenko, Kaniv colonel Yakov Lyzogub.
On August 1, 1601, the city of Kanev was granted Magdeburg Law.
With the will of Hetman Mikhail Doroshenko in 1626, Kaniv became, in fact, the first capital of the Ukrainian Cossack-Hetman autonomy. In Kaniv, Hetman Ivan Horseshoff, Yakiv Shah, Samiylo Kishka, Yakiv Ostryanitsa, Petrazhitsky-Kulah found their last rest. During the years of the National Liberation War of 1648-1657 (under the leadership of B. Khmelnitsky), the Kaniv regiment, as a military unit, was one of the largest in the Ukrainian Cossack Army. He numbered 16 hundred and 2957 Cossacks.
On Sept. 17, 1678, the Turks burst into the Kaniv, destroyed the city, and the townsfolk, which closed in the Cathedral of the Assumption, starved and mercilessly tortured.Macarius, a bishop of Kaniv, after torture, were executed on the city square.
According to the conditions of the Prut tract (1711) Kaniv leaves for Poland. Then a Catholic church was opened in the city, a Basilian monastery was founded, and the first educational institution - the highest parish school - was opened.
From 1775, Kaniv passed into the personal property of the Polish king Stanislaus Augustus, and later his nephew Stanislav Poniatovsky.
On May 7, 1787, Catherine II stopped on the ship "Dnepr" in front of Kaniv. On the Kaniv coast, she never descended, a meeting with the Polish king took place on a ship, but the mountain of the Greek city since then began to be called Moskovka.
From 1793, due to the second division of Poland, Kaniv entered the Kiev province of the Russian Empire. From 1837 Kaniv became a county town. As of 1849, there are 5138 inhabitants in the city, the population was engaged in labor law, shawl, pottery. The Kaniv industry consisted of a small brick factory, 16 water, 13 alloy, and 6 windmills.
May 22, 1861, the remains of the great Ukrainian writer and artist, the true patriot of Ukraine Taras Shevchenko (1814 - 1861) were buried in Kaniv, Chernecha mountain. According to the Cossack tradition, a tall grave was poured over and a wooden cross was set on it. In the summer of 1891, the first secret political party "The Brotherhood of Tarasivtsi" was set up in Ukraine, which aimed at gaining Ukrainian statehood.
At the beginning of the twentieth century, there were 9,245 inhabitants in the city. There were postal and telegraph offices, a post office, a library, a club, a hospital, a garden, three hotels, a tavern, a roller steam mill, 20 windmills, a locksmith shop, a clay plant, 105 retail stores, and 14 smiths.
From the end of August 1919 to January 1920, in the power of Kaniv, there was the Denikin Army, and by June 1920 the city was kept by the Poles. From June 7 to June 8, 1920 in the county for the third time and for many years in the city was established Soviet power.
In the pre-war twentieth century, the predominant branches of the urban industry were light and food. The city built a woodworking plant, a powerful mechanical mill, oil mill, butter factory, industrial artels. During the Holodomor of 1932-1933, another construction began in Kaniv - the construction of a memorial on the Tarasoy Hill.
In the second world war, the left flank of the defensive lines of Kiev passed through Kaniv. In the bloody battle for the Kaniv bridgehead, the armored train No. 56, which ran along the line of defense, provided invaluable assistance to the combat units. Specialists of the NKVD blew up a railway bridge across the Dnipro River. About 900 days and nights the Nazis were the masters of the city. For four months there were bloody battles near the height of the Kaniv Dnieper and only on January 31, 1944, fighters of the 206th Infantry Division were liberated.
On May 31, 1964, the first stone under the Kaniv HPP was laid in Kaniv - the last hydroelectrouzole of the Cascade of the Middle Dnipro stations. Simultaneously with the construction of the HES, the city is being built. New housing estates are growing, schools, kindergartens, industrial facilities are being built, namely the Magnit electromechanical plant and Okradonenergo enterprise; Kanev School of Culture and Arts was opened; A 3-storey medical building of the Central District Hospital was built.
During the last decade, such large enterprises of the world-wide food industry began their activities in Kaniv - the Kaniv branch of the "Syro Club" Ltd, the group of companies "Veres" and TM "Nasha Ryaba". The production areas of EMZ "Magnit" are successfully used by Magnit-Device, TM "Saturn", "Ergopak" Ltd.
The historical heritage of the city includes 53 memorials of history, culture and archeology, and 7 museums.
Kaniv is included in the list of historical cities of Ukraine and is the winner of the action "7 wonders of Ukraine: historical cities and towns".